Contract inheritance was introduced in Cisco APIC Release 2.3. Instead of having two entries to permit traffic between consumer and provider EPG class IDs (as it happens with a contract without service graph), four entries are created. It allows network provisioning and management based on software needs and the quality of the corresponding UX. This is to deny traffic to L3Out EPG subnets leaked from another VRF. Note: The On Demand option is compatible with vMotion migration of virtual machines and is based on the coordination between APIC and the VMM. Each class of service maps to a queue or a set of queues in hardware. The main function of the external network configuration (part of the overall L3Out configuration) is to classify traffic from the outside to an EPG to establish which outside and inside endpoints can talk. Since spines do not establish intra-Pod EVPN adjacencies, this implies that a spine that is not configured as an Ext-RR node should always peer with two remote Ext-RRs (in order to continue to function if a remote Ext-RR node should fail). These are aggregate counters across all leaf nodes and do not offer a per-filter rule view. a range of 1024 to 65535 doesnt result in 64512 entries, but 9 instead). Learning of the endpoint IPv4 or IPv6 address can occur through dataplane routing of traffic from the endpoint. Administrators determine which tenant subnets they want to advertise to the external routers. If rogue endpoint control is enabled, loop detection and bridge domain move frequency will not take effect. If you need to merge multiple Layer 2 domains in a single bridge domain, consider the use of Flood in Encapsulation, Default gateway (subnet) design considerations. If contracts are used between EPGs in different VRF instances, they are also used to define the VRF route-leaking configuration. Cisco ACI uses a pervasive gateway as the default gateway for servers. As you can see, this configuration is not useful because the provider would generate traffic from port 22 and not to port 22. | Rule ID | SrcEPG | DstEPG | FilterID | Dir | operSt | Scope | Name | Action | Priority |, | 4220 | 0 | 16386 | implicit | uni-dir | enabled | 2850817 | | permit | any_dest_any(16) |, | 4208 | 0 | 0 | implarp | uni-dir | enabled | 2850817 | | permit | any_any_filter(17) |, | 4246 | 32774 | 32775 | 68 | uni-dir-ignore | enabled | 2850817 | tenant1:Contract1 | permit | fully_qual(7) | +---------+--------+--------+----------+----------------+---------+---------+-------------------+----------+----------------------+. The flow logs are generated by aggregating the information from packet logs and the statistics related to the hit counts. With this approach, one can still keep many bridge domains and create multiple EPGs in each one of them without too much operational complexity. As a result, to help ensure that MST BPDUs are flooded to the desired ports, the user must create an EPG (an MST EPG) for VLAN 1 as native VLAN to carry the BPDUs. Note: BFD is implemented on spines with -EX or -FX line cards or newer and Cisco Nexus 9364C fixed spines or newer. For the purposes of this documentation set, bias-free is defined as language that does not imply discrimination based on age, disability, gender, racial identity, ethnic identity, sexual orientation, socioeconomic status, and intersectionality. If the bridge domain has a subnet IP address and if IP routing enabled, the endpoint retention policy configuration makes sure that Cisco ACI sends ARP requests for the host before the entry expires. In a VMware vDS VMM domain, Allow Micro-Segmentation must be checked at the base EPG (this automatically configures Private VLANs on the port-group for the base EPG and proxy-ARP within the base EPG). The right of the figure shows how you should think of the L3ext; that is, as a per-VRF configuration. Figure 72 and the CLI output from the show zoning-rule command, below the figure, illustrate an example of a policy programmed on a leaf for intra Ext-EPG isolation. The current number of supported VRFs per tenant is documented in the Verified Scalability guide on Cisco.com: Regardless of the published limits, it is good practice to distribute VRFs across different tenants to have better control-plane distribution on different APICs. Contract policy enforcement is completely disabled in the VRF. Maximum number of Leaf nodes across all Pods: 500 with a 7 nodes APIC cluster (from ACI release 4.2(4)), 200 with a 4 nodes APIC cluster (from ACI release 4.0(1)), Maximum number of Leaf nodes per Pod: 400 (from ACI release 4.2(4)), Maximum number of Spine nodes per Pod: 6. If two external switches are connected to two different EPGs within the fabric, you must ensure that those external switches are not directly connected outside the fabric. ICMP traffic is allowed between EPG3 and EPG4 only because there is no other consumer or provider EPG that has Subject Label Green. For instance, with 10,000 entries of policy-cam, ACI can accommodate 20,000 EPG pairs. By using labels to group those EPGs that can communicate, contracts configuration can be potentially simplified. This setting not only reduces the flooding due to Layer 2 unknown unicast, but it is also more scalable because the fabric uses more the spine-proxy table capacity instead of just relying on the hardware tables on the individual leaf switches. It is the use of the VXLAN overlay technology in the data-plane that provides seamless Layer 2 and Layer 3 connectivity services between endpoints, independently from the physical location (Pod) where they are connected. Individual packets that are permitted or dropped by a policy-cam rule that has the log enabled, are logged. QoS priority at contract subject: This is applied to traffic based on the contract subject. Multiple L3Outs and L3External: Make sure you understand how the L3external works with multiple L3Outs. 1. ELAM Assistant example (check EPG classification information and drop reason). It doesnt always help to reduce TCAM consumption. With application-centric deployments, the policy CAM is more utilized than with network-centric deployments because of the number of EPGs, contracts, and filters. This is a per-VRF configuration. True: If the Label does NOT match, the contract till take effect. In this case, you could configure the VRF instance with which they are associated as unenforced. This approach works, but then it will be more difficult, later on, to add contracts. Specific protocol wins. Tenant > Networking >L3Outs > L3Out_name > External EPGs > L3Out_EPG_name > Policy > Contracts. This is done via the policy applied bit. The policy applied bit is not set on the traffic that matches the implicit policy. You can also assign traffic to a qos-group by configuring the QoS priority in the contract subject; also, you can rewrite the DSCP value (Target DSCP) at the contract-subject level. For instance, if you dont associate a BD with a VRF, APIC automatically associates your newly created BD with the VRF from Tenant common (common/default). The other spines deployed in the Pod (spines 1 and 4 in the example in Figure 31, above) can still be leveraged for inter-Pod data-plane communication even if they dont establish EVPN peerings with the spines in the remote Pods as they receive remote endpoint information through COOP from the other local spines EVPN enabled. As you can see, the permit entry for the traffic from the provider EPG (32774) to the provider side of the service node (49157) is not created, by default. Rogue endpoint control is useful in case of server misconfigurations, such as incorrect NIC Teaming configuration on the servers. APIC shows the aggregated view of packet and flow logs across all the leafs in the fabric. This option requires anycast service and PBR. vzAny can be a consumer for inter-VRF contracts, but vzAny cant be a provider for inter-VRF contract. BUM traffic such as Broadcast, Unknown unicast and Multicast Protocols, and protocols listed in this FAQ, are implicitly permitted. Additional configurations are necessary for route-leaking between the VRFs and to enable the correct class ID derivation for traffic filtering. Default is Unenforced.. Designs where, in the same bridge domain, there is a firewall or load balancer with some servers using the firewall or load Balancer, and other servers using the Cisco ACI bridge domain, as the default gateway. (VRF class ID is used if the source is L3Out EPG with 0.0.0.0/0 subnet.) This may lead to unexpected handling inside the fabric for traffic flows received from the IPN. The basic workflow in ACI, like traffic between EPG to another EPG including Encapsulation on the packet. Firewall initial setup and its configuration, Give access to common shared service in a different tenant. This is because, in the current implementation, the VNID used by the same bridge domain configured for unknown unicast flooding or for hardware-proxy differs. This subsection covers how Cisco ACI programs the policy-cam when using a service graph to redirect traffic to an L4-L7 device for both consumer-to-provider and provider-to-consumer directions. Limit IP Learning to Subnet: If this option is selected, the fabric does not learn IP addresses from a subnet other than the one configured on the bridge domain. You can find the list of available leaf and spine switches at this URL: https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/products/switches/nexus-9000-series-switches/models-comparison.html. Summarization in Cisco ACI has the following characteristics: Route summarization occurs from the border leaf switches. The spine sends a control plane message to Leaf 4 as it was the old known location for EP2. Scale for endpoints: One of the major features of Cisco ACI is the mapping database, which maintains the information about which endpoint is mapped to which Virtual Extensible LAN (VXLAN) tunnel endpoint (VTEP), in which bridge domain, and so on. In a scenario in which the infrastructure VLAN is extended beyond the Cisco ACI fabric (for example, when using AVS, AVE, OpenStack integration with OpFlex protocol, or Hyper-V integration), this VLAN may need to traverse other (that is, not Cisco ACI) devices, as shown in Figure 6. The service device interface will be in a copy BD that is automatically created per VRF through service-graph deployment. With this solution, called Multi-Pod Spines Back-to-Back, the IPN requirement can be removed for small ACI Multi-Pod deployments. Exceptions may be present in the documentation due to language that is hardcoded in the user interfaces of the product software, language used based on RFP documentation, or language that is used by a referenced third-party product. The first spine in Pod2 boots up and starts sending DHCP requests out of every connected interface. Figure 134, the CLI output from the show zoning-rule command, below the figure, and tables 11 and 12 illustrate an example. This is the case when an IP address may have a different MAC address (for example, with clustering of failover of load balancers and firewalls). Configure oob-APIC-EPG to provide https-ssh, oob-leaf-and-spine-EPG to provide ssh-only, and the external management instance ext-mgmt-servers to consume both https-ssh and ssh-only. That is, the learning of the endpoint IP address is based on ARP, and GARP-based detection would have to be enabled. Contracts: Make sure you understand the relative priorities of contracts between EPGs, or between vzAny and the rule priority of permit, deny, and redirect. A filter entry is a rule specifying fields such as the TCP port and protocol type. The policy CAM programming is maintained and updated while an endpoint is learned on the leaf, and also for a certain time interval even after the last endpoint for the given EPG aged out on the leaf. The red-highlighted entries for Rule IDs 4257, 4210, 4262, and 4263 are created by the Contract EPG Master configuration. Establishing the physical connections between IPN devices as shown in the previous figures guarantees that each IPN router has a physical path toward the PIM Bidir active RP. The bridge domain lets you configure two different MAC addresses for the subnet: The primary use case for this feature is related to Layer 2 extension of a bridge domain if you connect two fabrics at Layer 2 in order for each fabric to have a different custom MAC address. MAC addresses in different VLANs that are in the same bridge domain must be unique. For egress traffic, you should use Target DSCP at contract subject or Target DSCP at contract to modify the DSCP of the traffic. View Cisco ACI.pdf from COMPUTER S 101 at Pes College Of Engineering. Leaf 4 as a consequence installs a bounce entry for EP2 pointing to the local spines Proxy VTEP address. If the grouping (for example, Orange, Green) is consistent across multiple contracts, the use of per EPG configuration instead of per contract configuration might be better as you dont have to configure Label for each contract. In case of L3Out EPG to EPG contract, a non-border leaf can resolve both source and destination class IDs because the ACI internal endpoint is local to the non-border leaf nodes, and the L3Out EPG class ID can be derived by looking up the IP in the list of subnets defined for the L3Out EPG classification instead of the endpoint learning status. Filter configurations for the contract subject: In Cisco ACI, QoS configurations are very much related to the EPG and contract configurations. Contract inheritance is not applied to vzAny (vzAny cant refer to a master EPG or be a master EPG.). However, differently from reusing a filter, reusing a contract can have traffic forwarding effects that differ from your intended configuration; this depends, among other things, on the scope of the contract. It is important to note that the BGP Autonomous System (AS) number is a fabric-wide configuration setting that applies across all Cisco ACI pods that are managed by the same APIC cluster (Multi-Pod). Example of contract priorities (specific EPG vs. vzAny), | Rule ID | SrcEPG | DstEPG | FilterID | Dir | operSt | Scope | Name | Action | Priority |. If no QoS class is specified, the traffic is assigned to Level 3 QoS class. QoS configuration at L3Out (QoS Class at L3Out EPG, and QoS Class and Custom QoS at L3Out logical interface profile). Note: For more information about this issue with traditional switches, please refer to: https://community.cisco.com/t5/networking-documents/acl-tcam-and-lous-in-catalyst-6500/ta-p/3115339. Zoning-rules for a contract with service graph for copy and redirect actions are programmed regardless Label matching. 4. 93180YC-EX-1 then replaces 9372PX-1, and 93180YC-EX-2 synchronizes the endpoints with 93180YC-EX-1. Spanning Tree Protocol provides better granularity, so, if a looped topology is present, external switches running Spanning Tree Protocol provide more granular loop-prevention. Figure 132, and the CLI output from the show zoning-rule command, below the figure, illustrate an example of priority comparison between a specific EPG and vzAny. static: The information is manually entered. Within the user tenant VRF, the requirement is that all IP traffic within tenant1 VRF1 needs to be permitted with some exceptions: UDP traffic between EPG1 and EPG2 is not allowed. Active-active firewall cluster stretched across Pods: beginning with ACI release 3.2(4d), an active/active FW cluster can be stretched across Pods. For this reason, starting from Cisco APIC Release 4.2, with -EX, -FX, FX2, -GX, or newer hardware versions, ACI switches expand a contract with a filter entry using a small port range (of 10 or fewer ports, such as 81-90) into multiple entries. An additional consideration when using vzAny is the fact that it includes the Layer 3 external connection of the VRF. Within a pod, all leaf nodes connect to all spine nodes, and all spine nodes connect to all leaf nodes, but no direct connectivity is allowed between spine nodes or between leaf nodes. If more than one EPG pairs requires the same filter, it can be programmed in the first-stage TCAM and point to the same filter entry in the second-stage TCAM. 2. Resolution and Deployment Immediacy are configuration options that are configured when an EPG is associated with a domain. Implicit rule to deny traffic from an EPG that is not in preferred group to any, Implicit rule to deny traffic from any to an EPG that is not in preferred group, Implicit rule to permit traffic between EPGs in preferred group, L3Out EPG with 0.0.0.0/0 subnet implicit deny. Details about endpoint data-plane communication across Pods will be presented in the Inter-Pods VXLAN Data Plane section. When tenant routes or transit routes are injected into OSPF, the Cisco ACI leaf node where the L3Out resides acts as an OSPF Autonomous System Boundary Router (ASBR). The configuration is at Tenant > Contracts > Contract_name > Subject_name > Policy > Label. Note for advanced readers: If the usage of the overflow TCAM reaches 80% or more, APIC raises a fault. to be able to connect to the spine nodes of the existing ACI Fabric and of all the additional Pods that need to be added to the Multi-Pod solution. Figure 13 shows the format of the VXLAN encapsulated traffic in the Cisco ACI fabric. Policy CAM usage example: a filter entry with eleven port numbers, | Rule ID | SrcEPG | DstEPG | FilterID | Dir | operSt | Scope | Name | Action | Priority |, | 4101 | 0 | 15 | implicit | uni-dir | enabled | 2195459 | | deny,log | any_vrf_any_deny(22) |, | 4210 | 0 | 32771 | implicit | uni-dir | enabled | 2195459 | | permit | any_dest_any(16) |, | 4211 | 32778 | 49157 | 150 | bi-dir | enabled | 2195459 | tenant1:Contract1 | permit | fully_qual(7) |, | 4138 | 49157 | 32778 | 151 | uni-dir-ignore | enabled | 2195459 | tenant1:Contract1 | permit | fully_qual(7) |, Pod1-Leaf1# show zoning-filter filter 150, +----------+-------+--------+-------------+------+-------------+----------+-------------+-------------+-----------+---------+-------+-------------+-------------+----------+, | FilterId | Name | EtherT | ArpOpc | Prot | ApplyToFrag | Stateful | SFromPort | SToPort | DFromPort | DToPort | Prio | Icmpv4T | Icmpv6T | TcpRules |, | 150 | 150_0 | ip | unspecified | tcp | no | no | unspecified | unspecified | 90 | 100 | dport | unspecified | unspecified | |, Pod1-Leaf1# vsh_lc -c "show system internal aclqos zoning-rules 4211" | grep -c "Tcam Total Entries". Cisco ACI performs proxy-ARP in order to forward traffic between servers that are in different VLANs. If there was no other zoning rule, Web EPG wouldnt be able to communicate with App EPG. Each type of interface policy is preconfigured with a default policy. For more information about the configurable forwarding profiles, please refer to this link: https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/td/docs/switches/datacenter/aci/apic/sw/kb/b_Cisco_APIC_Forwarding_Scale_Profile_Policy.pdf. During the auto-provisioning process for the nodes belonging to a Pod, the APIC assigns one (ormore) IP addresses to the loopback interfaces of the leaf and spine nodes part of the Pod. Bridge domain, VRF, and contract (security policy) named relations do not resolve to a default.. For more information about contracts, please refer to the section titled Contract design considerations., Contract filtering with a network-centric design, Implementing a tenant design with segmentation (application-centric). This approach has the following disadvantages: Each bridge domain and subnet is visible to all tenants. Configure vzAny for tenant1 VRF1 to provide and consume a vzAny-to-vzAny contract that has a permit IP filter. oobmgmt: This OOB management interface allows users to access the APIC. Rogue endpoint control is similar to the endpoint loop protection feature in that it is a global setting but when a loop is detected, Cisco ACI just quarantines the endpoint; that is, it freezes the endpoint as belonging to a VLAN on a port and disables learning on it. How to define which EPG an endpoint belongs to is based on the EPG type, as described below: L3Out EPG based on the IP subnet (longest prefix match), EPG that is based on the leaf interface and VLAN ID, or the leaf interface and VXLAN, uSeg EPG (also called micro EPG) that is based on IP, MAC VM attributes, such as VM name, or a combination of IP, MAC, and those attributes. 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