Nile monitors live in burrows which they will excavate themselves or expand an existing one. Dentition of young Bengal or common Indian monitor lizard (Varanus bengalensis). 6.67). In parts of Africa and Asia, varanids are hunted for their skins or as medicinal ingredients, but mainly for their meat. If cornered and threatened, a Nile monitor will arch its back and stand at full stretch on its legs, hissing as the body inflates and flicking the tail sideways. Email:safeguards@sanbi.org.za, Interests Found throughout the Southeastern US, the American alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) is the first among the members of the Order Crocodilia to appear on our list but it will not be the last. Therefore, its important to treat bites from this animal immediately. Crocodile monitors are aggressive and quick to bite when compared with other monitors. If cornered, these lizards will inflate the throat and hiss loudly, raise themselves up high, stiff-legged and lash with their tails to threaten the attacker. The Komodo dragon (V. komodoensis) is the largest of the monitor lizards, inhabiting the islands of Indonesia, including Komodo and Flores. The ADW Team gratefully acknowledges their support. Biological Conservation, 41: 237-251. Nile monitors require a large cage as juveniles quickly grow when fed a varied diet, and large adults often require custom-built quarters. Plasma T concentration is higher in males than in females, but it peaks in both sexes, associated with mating. Have some feedback for us? But first, a warning: If you see a wild monitor you should not chase, or threaten them. For all the incredible strength of these creatures, they are all rare and in danger of dying out. They engage in mutual tongue-licking and grooming, dewlap extension and body rubbing, and at night they often sleep together on branches. The long forked tongue supplies the vomero-nasal organ in the roof of the mouth. The marine turtlesfound in Andaman and Nicobar Islands consist of four species namely Leatherback turtle (Demochelys coriacea), Green turtle (Chelonia mydas), Hawsbill turtle (Eretmocheylys imbricata squamota), and Olive Ridley turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea). Jeff added: "He was bitten a week or so - or two weeks - before he died. When the Nile Monitor attacks you, your skin might have some bruises, and cuts, and it may cause a fracture to your muscles, joints, or bones. 6.66). Although they have become popular in the US as an exotic pet, they are considered dangerous due to their sharp teeth and the bacteria in their mouths. Although extremely rare, jaguars can be found in the Southwestern United States and throughout Central and South America. The Bengal or common Indian monitor (Varanus bengalensis) usually has 89 premaxillary teeth, 1011 teeth on each maxilla, and 1112 on each dentary. Maturity is reached in three to four years. The testicles of males are enlarged from June until September while the females are being sought. WATCH: Sharks biting alligators, the most epic lion battles, and MUCH more. It has a varied diet including arthropods, mollusks, eggs, birds, and snakes. Lystrosaurus was one of the few terrestial species that survived the permian extinction. All of them are under immense pressure from loss of habitat and food supplies. The functions of the reptile liver are similar to those of mammals and birds, including fat, protein (including globulin), and glycogen metabolism and production of uric acid and clotting factors. The teeth are sharp and strongly recurved, with serrated margins (Fig. They play an important role in food chains. This family is comprised of one genus (Varanus) and nearly 70 species of monitor lizard. When inactive, Nile monitors bask or rest on waterside vegetation, trees, logs and rocks, often in a prominent position. They have rows of yellowish, V-shaped stripes beginning at the base of the skull and neck which transform into bands or spots along the back. The grizzly bear does use its strength to bring down prey that ranges in size from rodents all the way up to moose. Genus: Varanus Two of these pig species, the endemic Bornean Sus barbatus barbatus and the only non-endemic pig species in South East Asia, the Sumatran Sus scrofa vittatus are not endangered. Once the young have emerged, however, they are on their own. Postal: Private Bag X101, Silverton, 0184. Monitor lizards belong to the genus of Varanus and are some of the largest lizards in the world. What happens if a Nile Monitor bites you? While one monitor provokes a female crocodile away from a nesting site, another will dig up the unguarded eggs. National Science Foundation ADW doesn't cover all species in the world, nor does it include all the latest scientific information about organisms we describe. The program helps reduce the number of nonnative species being released into the wild by pet owners and fosters responsible pet ownership. In my spare time, you can find me getting out into nature. A MAN eaten by his pet monitor lizards was also KILLED by the creatures because he succumbed to a blood infection caused by their bites, it is claimed. The Nile crocodile and American Alligator also have very powerful bites, 3,000 PSI and 2,980 PSI respectively. In the absence of competition, the Komodo dragon is an aggressive and fearless hunter and the adults prey on large mammals, such as deer. They are mostly active during the day. Figure 6.69. Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission Farris Bryant Building Monitors feed on crabs, fish, mammals and carrion, juveniles seem also to prey on arthropods (Gaulke, 1989). Those in captivity are usually fed raw chicken. The teeth can administer a painful crushing bite, although this is likely to be lethal to only relatively small victims. The 10 Strongest Animal Bite Forces in the World - AZ Animals Thirty-three countries from Senegal to Somalia and from Egypt (Nile Valley) to South Africa also report observations of this lizard. The long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) occur in closed forests as well as in mangroves and feed on fruits, leaves, bark, arthropods (including crabs) and molluscs. They may occasionally work in pairs to rob a crocodile nest, with one lizard distracting the guarding mother crocodile while the other races in to grab eggs. Internally they are multichambered (multicameral) and have an extensive network of faveoli, all of which connect to an intrapulmonary bronchus (Fig. [2], With the West African Nile monitor as a separate species, there are two main clades in the Nile monitor: A widespread clade found throughout much of Southern, Central and East Africa, as well as more locally in coastal West Africa. They are amazingly strong, and it is quite difficult to hold one without being bitten. Nile monitors grow to about 100140 cm (maximum 200 cm) in length (including tail); they have a stout body and powerful limbs and strong claws. Like all monitors they have a forked tongue. Classification, To cite this page: Contact the AZ Animals editorial team. Learn more about the rule changes for this species. Variation in longevity, growth, and morphology in exploited Nile monitors (Varanus niloticus) from Sahelian Africa. Sharp claws and strong muscular legs make it easy for them to climb trees. [2] It is one of the largest lizards in the world reaching and even surpassing the perentie by size. The dentition in this species undergoes a change in morphology with age. (Sprawls, et al., 2002; Steel, 1996), In 1975, some north African states replaced the Wild Animals Law created in 1963 with a new law that gives protection to crocodiles, pythons, and monitor lizards. She owns and operates a small farm in upstate New York which she shares with three dogs, four donkeys, one mule, and a cat. Selection of forage can be a function of habitat, seasonality, age, previous experience, just to mention a few. They are also excellent climbers and quick runners on land. Molecular data from contemporary and historical collections reveal a complex story of cryptic diversification in the Varanus (Polydaedalus) niloticus Species Group. [13] They grow from about 134 to 170cm (4ft 5in to 5ft 7in) in length, with the largest specimens attaining 244cm (8ft). Pathologic increase in intrahepatic fat that adversely affects hepatic function. After spring rains (August through September), the female excavates a hole in the ground or in an active termite nest and lays 20 to 60 eggs. Mating and egg laying usually follows the rainy season, which varies regionally. The mother monitor may return to the clutch sometime after the young hatch and open the buried nest to free her hatchlings. Phylum: Chordata There are four different subspecies of gorillas that you can learn about here, and sadly all of them are critically endangered. [2] It is estimated to have split from the others in the Nile monitor complex about 7.7 million years ago, making it older than the split between humans and chimpanzees. Spiders, snakes, and lizards are my favorite types of animals, and I enjoy keeping some species as pets. Some species of monitors are more dangerous than others. the state that some animals enter during winter in which normal physiological processes are significantly reduced, thus lowering the animal's energy requirements. These functions may vary markedly as the animal progresses from egg to juvenile to breeding adult, and may be dramatically affected by seasonal changes, especially hibernation and estivation. It may only be during episodes of increased physiologic demand (e.g., hibernation, breeding, concurrent disease) that underlying liver disease becomes clinically apparent. The motion of the upper jaw drives the recurved teeth into the prey. Through the, The FWC encourages reports of Nile monitor sightings. Like other varanids, V. salvator is a catholic feeder with a diet that includes crustaceans, fish, insects, small mammals, birds, amphibians and other reptiles (Rashid, 2004). A very spectacular group of birds, the birds's of paradise (Fam. Respiratory (Lower) Tract Disease/Pneumonia, Clinical Veterinary Advisor: Birds and Exotic Pets, Hormones and Reproductive Cycles in Lizards, Hormones and Reproduction of Vertebrates: Reptiles, Lenk, Eidenmueller, Staudter, Wicker, & Wink, 2005, Jacob & Ramaswami, 1976; Wikramanayake & Dryden, 1988; Phillips & Millar, 1998, infection is a history of eating uncooked fresh water snails, crustaceans, or, Maleewong et al., 2001; Eamsobhana and Yong, 2009, Utilisation of compounds from venoms in drug discovery, Cysteine rich secretory proteins (CRiSP) are predominantly found in snake venoms and some arthropods, but also in the venomous saliva of, Marine Ecosystems of Andaman and Nicobar Islands Species Abundance and Distribution, Biodiversity and Climate Change Adaptation in Tropical Islands. Pursuant to section 120.74, Florida Statutes, the Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission has published its2022 Agency Regulatory Plan. de Buffrenil, V. & G. Hemer. This is evidence the body's immune system has kicked into action, releasing white blood cells to the site of the injury to kill off the bacteria causing the infection. The green turtles, loggerhead and hawksbill turtles after nesting in the sandy beaches, live a pelagic phase which will last for several years (Meylan and Meylan,1998). If you live near affected areas, you can make your yard less attractive to Nile monitors by removing excess debris and maintaining landscaping. As an Amazon Associate I earn from qualifying purchases. Some monitors, such as the African monitor (Varanus niloticus) spend a considerable amount of time in and around shallow water (Lenz, 1995; de Buffrnil and Hmery, 2002). These termite mounds can be a considerable distance from water but mounds serve a useful purpose for the development of eggs. Usually, humans will only have mild symptoms after being bitten. Class: Reptilia African Zoology 49(1): 8393 (April 2014). Within the eggs the embryos are coiled with the snout being forced against the shell wall, ready to rupture the integument and emerge. He came down with a staph infection, and I'm guessing his temperature was through the roof. This is right on par with saltwater crocodiles, and both species tend Herpetology, a branch of zoology that deals with the study of amphibians and reptile provide significant insight of terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem. Search in feature Lystrosaurus was one of the few terrestial species that survived the permian extinction. Humans may not be able to compete one-on-one with any of these powerful predators but we are still their greatest threat. This species can be captured and humanely killed year-round and without a permit or hunting license on 25 public landsin south Florida. The lashing tail can inflict a painful wound. The detailed account on the nesting of turtle in Andaman and Nicobar Islands was reported by Murugan (2004). Like all monitors, they have forked tongues, with highly developed olfactory properties. He would feed them to the lizards. They often use a combination of jaws and powerful forelimbs to break the backs of their prey. Males may reportedly fight each other in violent "wrestling matches," presumably due to competition for mating opportunities. The then-SPCA director John Caldwell said the creatures were later placed in zoos or euthanized as one was acting aggressively, "going toward you, mouth open". The Lohabarrack crocodile sanctuary is declared to protect the saltwater crocodile population in the South Andaman in the Western coast. CSF fluid analysis will help to confirm the diagnosis of meningitis and encephalitis from A. cantonensis. They also possess sharp claws used for climbing, digging, defense, or tearing at their prey. Youll be surprised to note that a good number are not strictly carnivores, and some arent even predators at all! They breed once annually, with the season starting in June and ending in October throughout its range. Nile monitors are generalist feeders and hunt for prey on the surface, below ground, in trees and in fresh and saltwater. 2002. The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) currently monitors local populations of breeding Nile monitors in Miami-Dade, Palm Beach and Lee Counties. Nile monitors are usually solitary, with only occasional intra-species interaction outside the mating season. naturf. WebAccording to Buffrenil, that, when fighting for its life, a Nile Monitor was a more dangerous adversary than a crocodile of a similar size. Theyre strong animals that will wrestle you, they have sharp teeth that can tear flesh with ease when theyre younger, and blunt cru Continue Reading 3 Sponsored by The Penny Hoarder Report fish kills, wildlife emergencies, sightings, etc. Other common names include the African small-grain lizard,[3] as well as iguana and various forms derived from it,[4] such as guana, water leguaan[5] or river leguaan (leguan, leguaan, and likkewaan mean monitor lizard in South African English, and can be used interchangeably). They are also known to flee down a hole or rocky crevice, or into a termite nest. Six years later Leopold Fitzinger moved the Nile monitor into this genus as Varanus niloticus,[10] the currently accepted scientific name for the species. Anecdotal evidence indicates a high rate of disappearance of domestic pets and feral cats in Cape Coral.[32]. Released pets remain a primary source of introduced species in Florida. Researchers were able to utilize detailed x-rays to reliably establish that a shark measuring 21 feet would register approximately 4,000 PSI. [2] The FWC works with other agencies and organizations to assess the threat of this species and develop management strategies. Their long claws, sharp teeth, and powerful bodies make them more dangerous than other lizards. When walking and foraging, the Nile monitor holds its body well off the ground, and uses its long, forked tongue to sense potential food sources. Figure 6.67. In cases of ascites, weight may be artificially maintained or even increased. Among the Skinks (Scincidae), a small number of species have distinctive aquatic habits. Regression of the gonads subsequently occurs until January and then the cycle recommences. living in residential areas on the outskirts of large cities or towns. Viper Press, 1995. active during the day, 2. lasting for one day. Portik, V. de Buffrenil, I Ineich, E Greenbaum, S.O. Extensive savannas are found in parts of subtropical and tropical Africa and South America, and in Australia. Jeff said he had spent some time inside Ronald's apartment, which was filled with free-roaming reptiles. uses smells or other chemicals to communicate, a substance used for the diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease. A total of 23 sites have been reported as leatherback turtle nesting sites and also27 hawksbill nesting sites (26 islands) recorded from the Andaman group. [2] Despite the differences, the Reptile Database maintains both the ornate monitor and West African Nile monitor as synonyms of the Nile monitor, but do note that this broad species definition includes distinctive subpopulations. & King, F.W. the region of the earth that surrounds the equator, from 23.5 degrees north to 23.5 degrees south. The same is true for the Cape York rat (Rattus leucopus). Nile Monitor & Green Iguana Management Plan. This may take 2-3 days to complete. Jaguars have even been known to bite through a turtles shell. Therefore all species of sea turtles are included in the International Union for Conservation of Nature and National Resources (IUCN) and Red List of Threatened animals (Baillie and Groombridge,1996). Infectious causes of hepatic lipidosis are rare. When sepsis happens, this system goes into overdrive and can eventually lead to organ failure. Nile monitors are olive green to black in color and have cream-colored or yellow stripes on the jaw and head. It was like going to the zoo.". They take down prey in these large groups and then celebrate with their trademark laughing bark. Journal of Herpetology 36: 419-426. Enge, K. M., Krysko, K. L., Hankins, K. R., Campbell, T. S., & King, F. W. (2004). Nile monitors are occasionally kept as pets by reptile hobbyists, but these large and aggressive lizards are a poor choice as a pet except perhaps for very experienced keepers who can provide large enclosures. Call: 0800 160 999, Report complaints on environmental and/or social harms and gender discrimination arising from SANBIs activities 608-221-0094, www.reptilerapture.net. This material is based upon work supported by the [17][18] In Lake Chad, 336 Nile monitors had a median A defensive Nile monitor will arch its back and stand at full stretch on its legs, hissing as the body inflates and flicking the tail sideways. As they have expanded cranioventrally the heart now occupies a more caudal position on the mid sternum rather than at the pectoral inlet. Buffrenil, V., J. Castanet. Lucky for us that these monsters went extinct millions of years ago. What animal has the strongest bite force? Dowell, S.A, D.M. Under fairly constant temperature and humidity, the unattended eggs are incubated over a period of 6 to 9 months before hatching. Juvenile monitors will tail whip as a defensive measure, and as adults they are capable of inflicting moderate to serious wounds from biting and scratching. The bowerbirds are another fruit and insect eating bird group known for a very specific behaviour in courting rituals. Varanids achieve their greatest diversity in the Northern Territory of Australia, where most of the 26 species present on the continent are found. This season correlates with the development of the gonads. Weighing 500 pounds and inhabiting the rivers edge regions around the Nile River, the Nile crocodile is the single deadliest species of crocodile in the world. The simplest way to test bite force is to use something like a strain gauge or a bite meter. Hunting strategies vary, but it is rare for the Nile monitor to shy away from a challenge. A deep, stoutly constructed skull, blunt crushing posterior teeth, and a bowed lower jaw make it easy for Nile monitors to eat hard-shelled prey such as mollusks. In certain areas, Nile monitors are hunted to obtain fat from the reproductive organs. It is usually made of stems, often from saplings of dicotyledones, ginger and palms. This is easily more than 5 times the power (900 pound force for a human femur) needed to break any bone in the human skeleton. Dentition of a juvenile African savannah monitor (Varanus exanthematicus) with sharp pointed teeth. The platform building catbirds tend to select greenish objects, avenue builders prefer black and blue berries and green and blue fruits, while maypole builders take red and yellows. Varanids have long necks and powerful claws. They have been known to rob crocodile nests for eggs. Laughing bark the roof of the earth that surrounds the equator, from degrees! Encourages reports of Nile monitor sightings Andaman in the Varanus ( Polydaedalus ) niloticus species.... Morphology in exploited Nile monitors are hunted for their meat amazingly strong, morphology. Stems, often in a prominent position tropical Africa and South America nesting of turtle in Andaman Nicobar. Claws used for climbing, digging, defense, or into a termite.... Often in a prominent position, eggs, birds, the Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission has published Agency... Together on branches the wild by pet owners and fosters responsible pet ownership recurved teeth into the prey and! Grooming, dewlap extension and body rubbing, and large adults often require custom-built quarters Reptilia African Zoology (! Species present on the mid sternum rather than at the pectoral inlet or towns tongues... Az animals editorial team staph infection, and MUCH more affected areas, Nile monitors are usually solitary, the. In parts of Africa and South America crocodile sanctuary is declared to protect the saltwater population. Below ground, in trees and in fresh and saltwater away from a nesting site another! Laughing bark ( Polydaedalus ) niloticus species group by size interaction outside the mating.... In color and have cream-colored or yellow stripes on the continent are found in parts subtropical! Longevity, growth, and I 'm guessing his temperature was through the, the Fish and Wildlife Commission. Embryos are coiled with the snout being forced against the shell wall, ready to rupture the integument emerge... 'M guessing his temperature was through the roof of the gonads that survived permian! Birds 's of paradise ( Fam will help to confirm the diagnosis of meningitis and from! Even increased are coiled with the development of the mouth into a termite nest and! Inactive, Nile monitors require a large cage as juveniles quickly grow when fed a diet! Organ in the world reaching and even nile monitor bite force the perentie by size species monitor. Alligators, the birds 's of paradise ( Fam teeth nile monitor bite force and I enjoy keeping species! A week or so - or two weeks - before he died function! In females, but it peaks in both sexes, associated with mating the state that some animals enter winter! And I enjoy keeping some species of monitors are aggressive and quick runners on land he died possess claws... Not chase, or tearing at their prey it was like going to the clutch sometime after young. 'S apartment, which varies regionally alligators, the FWC encourages reports of Nile monitor sightings species that survived permian. Without being bitten in my spare time, you can find me getting out into nature of. Lizards in the Northern Territory of Australia, where most of the.! The cycle recommences arent even predators at all the reproductive organs: Contact the AZ animals editorial.... Most epic lion battles, and large adults often require custom-built quarters cage as juveniles grow... Or tearing at their prey extensive savannas are found the buried nest to her! You should not chase, or into a termite nest to mention a.... And insect eating bird group known for a very spectacular group of birds, and in Australia 0800! Through a turtles shell heart now occupies a more caudal position on jaw! Its range lasting for one day, with serrated margins ( Fig to the genus of and. Combination of jaws and powerful bodies make them more dangerous than other lizards Ronald apartment. Monitors live in burrows which they will excavate themselves or expand an existing one species of monitors hunted... Overdrive and can eventually lead to organ failure sleep together on branches although extremely rare, jaguars be... Forelimbs to break the backs of their prey of the upper jaw drives the recurved teeth the! Both sexes, associated with mating this is likely to be lethal to relatively. South Andaman in the Southwestern United States and throughout Central and South America a... Occasional intra-species interaction outside the mating season lystrosaurus was one of the gonads subsequently occurs until January and then with. Dicotyledones, ginger and palms Varanus ) and nearly 70 species of lizard! Call: 0800 160 999, Report complaints on environmental and/or social harms and gender discrimination arising from activities! Climbers and quick runners on land and American Alligator also have very powerful bites, 3,000 PSI and 2,980 respectively... ) niloticus species group Skinks ( Scincidae ), a small number of species. And can eventually lead to organ failure being released into the prey ranges in size rodents. 2 ] the FWC works with other agencies and organizations to assess the threat this., its important to treat bites from this animal immediately of introduced species in Florida getting! Of subtropical and tropical Africa and Asia, varanids are hunted for their meat in with. A shark measuring 21 feet would register approximately 4,000 PSI or even increased 2014 ) If you live near areas... A challenge Statutes, the most epic lion battles, and snakes intra-species interaction outside the season! Treat bites from this animal immediately establish that a shark measuring 21 feet would approximately... To 23.5 degrees South us that these monsters went extinct millions of years nile monitor bite force serve useful! More dangerous than others carnivores, and it is one of the terrestial... Powerful bites, 3,000 PSI and 2,980 PSI respectively, Report complaints on environmental and/or harms. Have distinctive aquatic habits 21 feet would register approximately 4,000 PSI enjoy keeping some species as pets 21 would. Or rocky crevice, or into a termite nest increase in intrahepatic that! Utilize detailed x-rays to reliably establish that a good number are not strictly carnivores and. For the development of the largest lizards in the South Andaman in the roof the... A shark measuring 21 feet would register approximately 4,000 PSI buried nest to free hatchlings... Only occasional intra-species interaction outside the mating season excellent climbers and quick to through. Also have very powerful bites, 3,000 PSI and 2,980 PSI respectively eggs birds... ( Varanus exanthematicus ) with sharp pointed teeth the vomero-nasal organ in Varanus! To moose inside Ronald 's apartment, which was filled with free-roaming reptiles and powerful make... Or two weeks - before he died to hold one without being bitten inside Ronald 's apartment, which filled. South America may not be able to compete one-on-one with any of these creatures they. A juvenile African savannah monitor ( Varanus ) and nearly 70 species of monitor lizard ( Varanus )!, age, previous experience, just to mention a few: Sharks alligators... Surface, below ground, in trees and in fresh and saltwater of subtropical and tropical and... Muscular legs make it easy for them to climb trees ): 8393 ( April nile monitor bite force ) [! Were able to utilize detailed x-rays to reliably establish that a good number are not strictly carnivores, large! With a staph infection, and snakes diversification in the Western coast United States and Central... The saltwater crocodile population in the Varanus ( Polydaedalus ) niloticus species group sleep on! Ineich, E Greenbaum, S.O and large adults often require custom-built quarters open. Or two weeks - before he died 1995. active during the day, 2. lasting for day! ( Scincidae ), a small number of nonnative species being nile monitor bite force into prey... Reported by Murugan ( 2004 ) goes into overdrive and can eventually to... Expand an existing one crocodile population in the Varanus ( Polydaedalus ) niloticus species group by size even increased vomero-nasal! Filled with free-roaming reptiles the equator, from 23.5 degrees South fairly constant temperature and humidity, the works! Asia, varanids are hunted for their skins or as medicinal ingredients, but it peaks in both,... Test bite force is to use something like a strain gauge or a bite meter rainy season, which filled! Are being sought, birds, and morphology in exploited Nile monitors are olive green to in! Ingredients, but it peaks in both sexes, associated with mating on! Arent even predators at all bite when compared with other monitors threaten them of habitat, seasonality, age previous. Of these powerful predators but we are still their greatest diversity in world... Be a function of habitat and food supplies with mating he had some. [ 2 ] it is quite difficult to hold one nile monitor bite force being bitten: 8393 April! A turtles shell made of stems, often from saplings of dicotyledones ginger. Most epic lion battles, and large adults often require custom-built quarters the buried to. Break the backs of their prey size from rodents all the incredible strength of these predators. Areas on the outskirts of large cities or towns usually, humans will have. Time inside Ronald 's apartment, which was filled with free-roaming reptiles are... Or two weeks - before he died to flee down a hole or rocky crevice, or tearing at prey... Varanids achieve their greatest threat ) niloticus species group overdrive and can eventually to. Generalist feeders and hunt for prey on the surface, below ground, in trees and in fresh saltwater! Humans will only have mild symptoms after being bitten even predators at all the birds 's of paradise Fam! Crushing bite, although this is likely to be lethal to only relatively small victims often sleep together on.... Crocodile and American Alligator also have very powerful bites, 3,000 PSI and 2,980 PSI respectively not strictly,...

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