A Bill of Attainder disinherited Margaret and her younger brother, Edward, and removed them from the line of succession. It was Mores execution far more than those of Anne Boleyn or Thomas Cromwell or Margaret Pole which established the kings reputation for capricious cruelty. Today we know Sir Thomas More primarily as the author of Utopia, and as one of the more famous martyrs of Henry VIIIs reign. They were charged with treason. She was married to James IV of Scotland from 1503-1513, which united the royal houses of England and Scotland. The alleged plot between the earl and Warbeck was flimsy and perhaps government-sponsored, but both men were tried and executed. The bridegroom Arthur was dead within months. Among his guests, in fact, was the king himself. The second season of The Spanish Princess premieres on Starz on Sunday, October 11. Elizabeth Darrell, later Thomas Wyatts mistress, refused the oath; Lady Hussey, wife of one of Marys household, was imprisoned because she would not accept Marys exclusion from the succession and insisted on addressing her as a princess. EXECUTED: 27 MAY 1541. Geoffrey Pole, who had given the government what it needed, was pardoned. Our Lady of Lourdes in Harpenden, Hertfordshire. ThoughtCo. We come now to the great event of Henrys reign. Thomas came from wealthy families, from trade (his father was a wealthy baker) and the law. Henry was wise enough to state his case and let it go, for a little while at least. Neither Francis I of France nor the Emperor supported this effort and the English government tried to have Reginald assassinated. She was born on the 14th August 1473 and married Sir Richard Pole in 1491, having five children before she was widowed in 1505. Quite the opposite. There is no greater tale of a father and daughter relationship than the story of Sir Thomas More and his Dearest Meg, his eldest daughter Margaret. At their trial, a Cromwellian observer said, the noblemen stood at the bar with castyng up of eies and hands, as though those thyngs had ben never herd of before, that thenne were laid to theyr charge. But it is difficult to detect in her conduct the heroic virtues assumed by Rome, and easier to see self-protective caution at work. Family solidarity, the code of survival, did not mean much to Reginald, brought up under an alien roof; if he were to lose his earthly family, he said, he would still have the fellowship of the saints in paradise. Margaret Plantagenet, the daughter of George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence and of his wife, Isabel Neville, was born on 14th August 1473 at Farleigh Castle, near Bath. It was not a bloodbath, but a selective cull, carried through by process of law. When Henry began proceedings to annul his first marriage, when Catherine was discarded and the Princess Mary downgraded to Lady Mary, the kings daughter, Margaret proved fiercely loyal and protective. More would have to either acknowledge the kings spiritual supremacy and marriage to Anne Boleyn, or he would die. Yet if you were to ask Mores contemporaries to describe him, their words would be as conflicted and contradictory as the man himself. But and of course this clause was added simply to trap More the Act also required a repudiation of any foreign authority, prince or potentate. More could recognize Anne as the crowned queen of England. It was the beginning of a fertile new line. John More was a successful lawyer who was later knighted and made a judge of the Kings Bench; he was prosperous enough to send his son to Londons best school, St Anthonys at Threadneedle Street. No great European power was willing to commit men or money to this crusade, but their unwillingness was not apparent at the time. Susan Higginbothams carefully written book comes with a misleading cover puff: At last, a biography of one of the most fascinating women of the Tudor period, who has too long been overlooked. Margarets brother was 24. Episode 081 of the Renaissance English History Podcast is an interview with Melita Thomas on Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury. It is meant to contrast with the reality of European rule, divided by ideologies and greed and self-interest. Whether the countess was up to this is hard to say, but later the Imperial ambassador was to declare that Mary regarded her as a second mother. Thomas More was born on 7 February 1478 in London, the son of a successful lawyer. Mr Buxton has returned to live quietly in Cranford following . [13], In 1537, Reginald (still not ordained) was made a Cardinal. His position at court meant that he was to be the kings advocate before parliament. The supposed discovery, six months after her house and effects were searched at her arrest, is likely to have been a fabrication. In The Kings Curse (2014) she was ground up by the great fictionalising machine that is Philippa Gregory, and in 2003 she was the subject of a major biography by Hazel Pierce: Margaret Pole: Loyalty, Lineage and Leadership. Managed all schedules for company and . When Richard Pole died in 1504 Margaret had had to borrow money to give him a suitable funeral. You see, we speak of being anchored to our principles. For a time, she and her younger brother were in the care of their maternal aunt, Anne Neville, who was married to their paternal uncle, Richard of Gloucester. The pilgrimage was an effort to organize a march on London to install a conservative Catholic government instead of Henry's increasingly Protestant-leaning one. Margaret Pole was one of only two women in the 16th century to hold a peerage in her own right. On June 26, a special commission was established to hear the case of Thomas More. Although a jury of twelve men would have . Margaret kept silent on the matter. Two days later, a four-count indictment charging More with treason was presented to the commission. But Margaret Pole, one of the great magnates of Tudor England, is not overlooked. After Henry's second wife, Anne Boleyn, was arrested, and eventually executed, Margaret was permitted to return to Court, albeit briefly. Henry Courtenay och Margaret Pole och fngslades i Towern. Thomas Cromwell producerade en tunika av typen 'Five Wounds of Christ', som pstods vara en symbol fr nskan att placera . [5] When Perkin Warbeck impersonated Edward IV's presumed-dead son, Richard of Shrewsbury, 1st Duke of York, in 1499, Margaret's brother Edward was attainted and executed for involvement in the plot. There have been rumors of an alleged relationship with Lady Margaret (see the White Queen series, for example). Her thoughts, her motives, are so hidden, either by her inclination or by the work of time, that it is difficult for the most diligent biographer to put her together and make her walk and talk. For at least five years, Montagu, Exeter and others had been passing information to the emperor through his ambassador, urging the invasion of England, and Reginald himself had assured the readers of his 1536 letter that a host of disaffected subjects were lurking within the realm, ready to support the invaders against Henry as soon as foreign troops landed. Elizabeth Throckmorton. Known for:Her family connections to wealth and power, which at some times of her life meant she wielded wealth and power, and at other times meant she was subject to great risks during great controversies. As Englands premier intellectual, Mores opinion mattered. The axe hit her shoulder instead of her neck, and she escaped the guards and ran around screaming as the executioner chased her with the axe. To my principles!". Looking to her last end, Margaret commissioned a chantry at Christchurch Priory. The countess was to look after the little girls health and diet, ensure that she did not wear herself out in learning French and Latin, and see that her immediate environment was kept spotless, so that everything about her be pure, sweet, clean and wholesome, as to so great a princess doth appertain. He lived in relative poverty, for he held no office and relied solely upon the hundred pounds per annum he collected from a property rental. Since Margaret and her brother, Edward, were debarred from the throne by their father's attainder, their uncle, Richard, Duke of Gloucester, was offered the crown and became king as Richard III. The 8-episode season follows Catherine of Aragon (Charlotte Hope) and King Henry VIII's (Ruari O'Connor) tumultuous marriage. [11], In 1531, Reginald Pole warned of the dangers of the Boleyn marriage. Best Known For: Thomas More is known for his 1516 book . Henry married Margarets cousin, Elizabeth of York, and imprisoned Margarets brother as a potential threat to his kingship. Henry VII had controlled them first while her brother was a minor and then during his imprisonment; he later confiscated them after his trial. Yesterday we travailed with the Lady of Salisbury all day before and after noon, till almost night. Sometimes the questioners were mild, sometimes roughly spoken, traitoring her and her sons to the ninth degree yet will she nothing utter. Margaret continued not uttering, or uttering no proof of treason. Marys food, Henry ordered, was to be served with joyous and merry communication. Henry needed a son and heir. The reasons were various, but the most important was Katharines position as aunt to the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V. Charles would not let his aunt be cast aside (he was also considering the dynastic appeal of her daughter with Henry), and he pressured the pope to deny Henrys petition. The new king married Margaret's cousin, Elizabeth of York, Edward IV's daughter, and Margaret and her brother were taken into their care. It was sumptuously furnished and built of brick a modern material but moated, crenellated, archaic in form. Fortunately for the old cardinal, he died before the king could kill him. And he was a father who insisted his three daughters have the same education as his son. She was a decade and a half younger than he was, and he never seems to have felt anything more than a brotherly affection for her. ODNB, "Reginald Pole"; "Geoffrey Pole". They were preventing her marriage to the king. In 1554, Mary reversed the attainder against Reginald Pole, and he was ordained as a priest in 1556 and finally consecrated as Archbishop of Canterbury in 1556. For Maid star Margaret Qualley, her job was all about building a relationship with child actor Rylea Nevaeh Whittet and making her feel safe on the set of the Netflix series that delves into . ODNB, which argues that the restoration was a tacit admission of her brother's innocence; however, lands and titles had been restored to the heirs of guilty peers during the previous century. Margaret's mother died when she was three; her father had two servants killed when he thought they had poisoned her. His son-in-law William Roper, whose biography of More is one of the first biographies ever written, tells us that More chose his wife out of pity: [A]lbeit his mind most served him to the second daughter, for that he thought her the fairest and best favored, yet when he considered that it would be great grief and some shame also to the eldest to see her younger sister preferred before her in marriage, he then, of a certain pity, framed his fancy towards Jane. Mores beginnings, however, hardly predicted his spectacular career. After his death, and for centuries thereafter, Sir Thomas More was known as the most famous victim of Henry VIIIs tyranny. As a boy, More spent some time in the household of John Morton, Archbishop of Canterbury. He worked eight years as undersheriff and proved himself an impartial judge and able administrator. More's trial took place on 1 July. By 1527, the king was in his mid-thirties, and his wife six years older. But with him away from court there were outside influences on their relationship that neither brother could see coming. Utopia is a complex and witty work which describes a city-state ruled entirely by reason. The Imperial Ambassador, Eustace Chapuys, suggested two years later that Mary be handed over to Margaret, but Henry refused, calling her "a fool, of no experience". Rather, he felt that he could be more effective in the city itself, not closeted away amongst the nobles and councilors of Henrys court. When Catherine of Aragon gave birth to a daughter, Mary, Margaret Pole was asked to be one of the godmothers. After Henry VIII and then his son Edward VI had died, and Mary I was queen, with the intention to restore England to Roman authority, Reginald Pole was appointed papal legate to England by the Pope. The French ambassador said she was above eighty years old when Henry VIII had her beheaded, while the Imperial ambassador said she was nearly ninety. After Richard III seized the throne, he sent Margaret to Yorkshire with her brother. But three years into his reign, the young Henry VIII restored her to the greater part of her revenues and gave her back a family title, creating her Countess of Salisbury in her own right. Margaret, Countess of Salisbury, was born at Farley Castle, near Bath, on 14th August, in or about the year 1473. Born on the 14th August 1473, she went on to marry Sir Richard Pole in 1491. Higginbotham is more comfortable with biography, but this has not deterred her publisher from dressing up her new book like a historical novel of the type she doesnt much like, with a moody wash of colour and a woman with trailing skirts and half a head. His home at Chelsea was as close as Tudor England would come to an 18th century French salon. Thick as thieves, More and the king continued to establish a close relationship, with More rising up in the ranks. But polite prevarications only worked for so long and soon More was a genuine courtier, with all its attendant duties and benefits. She was the niece of Edward IV and Richard III of England by way of their brother George Plantagenet, 1 st Duke of Clarence. The date of the marriage is uncertain; 1487 is likely. One does not have to share his religious convictions to appreciate his inner strength and noble character. Later, he would castigate her in the accents of a hurt child for what seemed to him abandonment, telling her that as she had given him up when he was so young, she should not interfere between him and his conscience. This was an obvious lie; More had never said anything of the sort to any other visitor, why Rich? He blindfolded himself and exhorted the assembled crowd to witness his end in the faith and for the faith of the Catholic Church, the kings good servant but Gods first. Even Mores Protestant enemies did not believe him a traitor; his death was almost universally held to be nothing less than martyrdom. at, Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March (conflation of, This page was last edited on 21 February 2023, at 21:21. [1] He was the son of Michael de la Pole, 1st Earl of Suffolk and Katherine Wingfield . Margaret was now fully under the king's will, with no title or lands to her name, she was to be styled simply as Margaret Pole. And when the English clergy were forced to acknowledge Henry as the supreme head of their church, More attempted to resign his office. An Exclusive First Look at Laura Carmichael as Maggie Pole in the Series Finale of The Spanish Princess Watch as she confronts Sir Thomas More. There is an apocryphal story that Morton predicted his bright and lively page would grow into a marvelous man. Her London palace, Le Herber, stood in a busy mercantile quarter, approximately where Cannon Street Station is now, and she rented out the tenements around as workshops, stables and an inn. On 14 November 1538, Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury, was arrested. That was what really cost her head in the end, but we wanted to . He was Dean of Exeter and Wimborne Minster, Dorset, as well as a canon of York. A Yorkist pretender had been crowned in Dublin, a child who claimed to be the Plantagenet heir, Edward, Earl of Warwick, Margarets 12-year-old brother. Such was his reputation that the the great universities Oxford and Cambridge made him high steward. Even the more sedate accounts agree that, like Thomas Cromwell, she was hacked about by a second-string executioner. He blundered badly, hacking at Margaret's neck and shoulders until she was dead. If, however, the subject lives a life of great extravagance, tell him he, too, can afford to give largely, the proof of his opulence being evident in his expenditure.. Anne was the anointed queen. Abstract. Both Henry and Reginald Pole were attainted in 1539; Geoffrey was pardoned. But that was years in the future. He was sentenced to a traitors death to be drawn, hanged, and quartered but the king changed it to beheading. According to the account, she turned her head "every which way", instructing the executioner that, if he wanted her head, he should take it as he could. In the end, he could not be persuaded. Margaret Poles house had been searched in the efforts to find evidence to back of the attainders of those executed. He was the child Margaret had been carrying when her brother Warwick was executed. He answered their queries as best he could, assuring them of his loyalty to king and state and stressing the matter of his personal conscience. Thomas More (1478-1535), lawyer and moral philosopher, is still regarded by many Catholics as the quintessential good man. Biography. Elizabeth of York, who married John De la Pole was George's sister - making Margaret Pole, Elizabeth's aunt. In 1540, Cromwell fell from favour and was attainted and executed. Find out more about the London Review of Books app. But time and impatience had made him emphatic in his righteousness. [6] . Only when Fitzwilliam called Reginald a whoreson did she object, saying with a wonderful sorrowful countenance that he was no whoreson, for she was both a good woman and true. When Reginald, lying abroad, heard of her death, he announced to his secretary that he was now the son of a martyr. . When you visit the site, Dotdash Meredith and its partners may store or retrieve information on your browser, mostly in the form of cookies. In 1886, Margaret would be beatified by Pope Leo XIII as a martyr to Henrys regime. His eldest daughter Margaret married the lawyer William Roper in 1521, and More continued his practice of prayer and supervision of learning at his home. ThoughtCo, Aug. 26, 2020, thoughtco.com/margaret-pole-tudor-matriarch-and-martyr-3530618. (We should note, however, that More brilliant and perceptive was never especially comfortable in his kings good graces. London, WC1A 2HNletters@lrb.co.uk Cecilys parents and Richards grandparents were Ralph Neville and, Siblings: 2 who died in infancy and a brother, Edward Plantagenet (February 25, 1475 - November 28, 1499), never married, imprisoned in the Tower of London, impersonated by Lambert Simnel, executed under Henry VII, Husband: Sir Richard Pole (married 1491-1494, perhaps on September 22, 1494; supporter ofHenry VII). It seems Margaret was questioned about her contacts with Barton, but she came to no harm as a result and, unlike Gertrude, she escaped without grovelling. This was not due to any dislike of the king. Back in 1521, there had been a wobble in the family fortunes when the Duke of Buckingham, into whose family Ursula Pole had married, was executed for treason: Margarets eldest son, Henry Lord Montagu, had been imprisoned briefly, and her duties in the princesss household were suspended. His desire for an annulment was now not merely to secure a legitimate heir; it was also spurred by his desire to marry Anne. "Margaret Pole, Tudor Matriarch and Martyr." After her husband's death, Margaret acted as regent for her son James V, from 1513-1515. I don't think Henry had quite the chummy relationship with Sir Thomas More that was depicted in "The Tudors" or even in "A Man for All Seasons." The story goes that when More was executed, Henry rose scowling from a game of cards with Anne Boleyn and barked at her "You are the cause of his death!" Thomas More, Thomas Morus ou Toms Moro [1] (Londres, 7 de fevereiro de 1478 Londres, 6 de julho de 1535) foi filsofo, homem de estado, diplomata, escritor, advogado e homem de leis, ocupou vrios cargos pblicos, e em especial, de 1529 a 1532, o cargo de "Lord Chancellor" (Chanceler do Reino - o primeiro leigo em vrios sculos) de Henrique VIII da Inglaterra. It was his great popularity that saved him. But Lord Montagu attended Annes coronation as he would later attend her trial. Ten years on, her situation was more difficult to negotiate. And so he was imprisoned in the Tower of London on 17 April 1534. ), St. Marie's Church in New Bilton, Rugby, England. Henry and others were executed, though Geoffrey was not. England became an embattled nation. 28 Little Russell Street Yet even as his legal future seemed assured, More was deeply conflicted about his future. 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