Many of such structures cause more problems than they solve. Overstrand is the only site with mudflows 9.4 Coastal landscapes and processes (The Earth's crust is modified by . By the time new sand was brought to the beach in 1991 to replenish what was eroded, there was hardly anything left. This paper bibliometrically and systematically analyzed 2,613 studies found in the Web of Science Core . the importance of erosional processes or sub-aerial processes loamy sand Erosion of the 12 apostles (only 9 left) has nothing to do with humans, where dramatic oil spill near coast ruins beaches, does have to do with humans. Vicksburg, MS: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. AO1 content encompasses knowledge and understanding of how aeolian processes form coastal sand dunes. Usefulness of Graphs: Vegetation can consolidate sand dunes, 16. Knowledge and understanding of the processes operating over a time scale of millennia - isostatic and eustatic changes (a) (ii) Suggest one way in which the landform at 900710 (Traeth Mawr) is linked to other landforms as part of the coastal system. Beach erosion is widespread and causes significant problems for both the use of and protection by beaches. Loss of stock/custom in Looe (a) Use Figure 1 in the Resource Folder to identify and locate two landforms on the section of high energy coast from Linney Head (883957) to St Govan's Head (975927). Landscape of blue carbon research from the perspective of bibliometrics. knowledge and understanding of the characteristics of the chosen landform(s) and how these are related to the development through weathering, mass movement and erosional processes the importance of factors such as wave characteristics (such as fetch, wave type and wave orientation) An examination of the role of marine processes over time in the formation and subsequent modification of the chosen landform/s. Check benefits and financial support you can get, Find out about the Energy Bills Support Scheme, Department for Environment, Food & Rural Affairs, last year designating a further 41 Marine Protection Zones. Springer, Dordrecht. -Changes to climate etc) The coastline is rapidly eroding at an average of 1.8 metres a year. (b) Suggest two reasons why the rate of deposition varies along a coastline. Humans also impact the land around or near the coast. 20622077. The impacts of this scourge will last a lot longer. (a) (i) Calculate the values of the highlighted cells, A, B and C in Figure 2. Davis, R.A., 1989. There are four main processes of erosion along the coast. AO2 The sand is then pulled out to sea where it forms a sand bar. (a) (i) Use Figure 1 to compare the shoreline changes shown at Location 1 and Location 2. It is not possible to completely stop the power of natural forces from changing the coast. They can think, reason, feel and make deductions or hypothesis and seek to solve or prove their deductions or theories. This may include: Erosional bays Internationa Impacts of Development in India, Environmental Impacts of Development in India, Volcanoes in Different Parts of the World, Earthquakes in Different Parts of the World, Geology and Coastal Landscapes of Erosion, Climate and Coastal Landscapes of Erosion. Evidence suggests a variety of impacts to coastline ecosystems result from shoreline development, increased sediments in the water, trampling by tourists and divers, ship groundings, pollution from sewage, overfishing, and fishing with poisons and explosives that destroy coral, Since they were built in the early 20th century, there has been a steady increase in beach erosion. - Decrease in wave height leads to decrease in wave energy (1) The finer-grained silts and clays derived from the erosion of shorelines are sorted and carried as far as the waters of wetlands or tidal flats, where benefits are derived from addition of the new material. The content will depend upon the impact chosen and may include: Protection of cliffs by a variety of management strategies - groynes, sea walls etc. The growing global population has lead to urbanisation which has had intentional and unintentional impacts on the landscape. least in Bridgend, 20. Once developed, communities make an effort to protect their beach homes and coastal businesses. Knowledge and understanding of how alternative process contribute to the development of depositional landforms. knowledge and understanding of how structural geology influences the development of the selected landform(s) - this may include reference to mineral composition, solubility and hardness. Deposition occurs when and where there is insufficient energy to move sediment further, and learners should understand the processes of sediment sorting and flocculation. (b) Describe two distinctive features of a geo. positive impacts on beaches and tourism generated by deployment of groynes leading to increased erosion and negative impacts further down the coastline. The sandy beach consists of two zones, the swash zone and the drift line. An examination of the relative role in different locations 3. - presence of soft rocks provision of sediment to form beaches Additional cited references were provided by members of the steering group. [3], definition of fetch [1 max] Human Activities that Affect the Ecosystem. or development of example, 20. Knowledge and understanding of the process of longshore drift This means that natural wildlife or landscapes are being cut down to be used for humans. movement of sand within dunes - blowouts Human activities have had an impact on coastal environments almost as long as people have been using the coast. Have students watch three videos about human activities that threaten the world ocean. These dunes are behind the primary dune and are therefor protected from the ocean. Field Sketches: Fishing nets get dumped all around the world because they have escaped or they have been cut off. Both approaches seen above are acceptable. [15]. Photographs: (6). The whole of the east coast of the USA used to bloom with trout. (eds. A new issue facing the Ocean is that of deep sea mining. [2]. Ask students to generate more examples. AO2 Variation of expense with what is damaged Despite the negativity surrounding the current state of our Ocean, the good news is that its not too late to turn things around. 774789. There are two types of coastal management: Hard engineering - this involves building structures to protect the coast. Ability to pick out anomalies? 2019, p. 247). (a) (i) Use Figure 1 to analyse the economic impacts of high energy storm events. examination of currents - absence of strong currents can lead to build up of sediment (b) Discuss the view that coastal processes have a mainly positive impact on human activity. Distances between collection points? There graph shows distinct zones that could be used to identify patterns. (b) Discuss the impact of either eustatic or isostatic sea level changes on the development of one coastal landform. Your answer should include: Swimming / Living / Sunbathing. [3], Comment on workings of coastal system - inputs/stores/flows/outputs [3], global increase in temperatures in interglacial periods How human activities impact on coastal ecosystem during rapid urbanization is one of the hot spots in the coastal management study. Weybourne only has landslides -Relief, natural colonization of dune systems to halt erosion Discussion of the implementation and success of management strategies to mitigate the impact of negative human activity, 13. geographical variations in success "To fail the Amazon is to fail the biosphere, and we fail to act at our own peril." #amazon #humanimpact #agriculture #deforestation #landusechange [3], Allow 1 mark for identification of a valid social loss such as homelessness, loss of possessions, trauma, injury etc. magnitude of process increases with time - waves operate over minutes whilst flood cycles operate over years Coastal sediments 77. There are several reasons why the coast at Holderness is eroding so quickly: Bridlington is protected by a 4.7 km long sea wall . Harbors and the navigational channels leading to them have resulted in some problems for estuaries. Every single person on our blue planet is connected to the Ocean. EXAMPLE: The snapshots of our trip to Kenya are (lying, laying) on top of the photo album. Landforms include headlands, cliffs and wave-cut platforms. Examination of the role of other processes These characteristics may be linked with the processes that are part of the development of the landform such as weathering, marine erosion and mass movement Professor Lora Fleming, Director of the Exeter University European Centre for Environment and Human Health, said: This project has shown that our coast helps to cater for a variety of human needs, from keeping healthy, to connecting with others. Use of colour in key? All storm water drains in Victoria are linked to the sea. global decrease in temperature in glacial periods "Human activity affects coasts globally. An examination of changes over geographical space in the formation of the chosen coastal landform/s. Focus is on differences in deposition rather than comparison of deposition and erosion. Groynes have been eroded away Examples of the features that are evident: [5]. PubMedGoogle Scholar, Department of Geology, Western Washington University, Bellingham, WA, USA, Davis, R.A. (2005). Between the barrier beach and the main coast is the Great South Bay. Coastal zone 89. Development of barrier islands accessed by these causeways resulted in various types of construction that have negatively impacted on the coastal zone. Answers may conclude that longshore drift has a major part or variable influence on the development of selected landform(s). Examine the strengths and weaknesses of one strategy used to manage the impacts of human activity on coastal landscape systems. Human activities add another layer of complexity to the natural processes of coastal lands and materials. [10]. the characteristics of the strategy such as physical structure or operation This provides the stability necessary for plant growth. However, some may discuss the mudflats/saltmarshes behind the spit. Content may vary according to landform(s) selected but may include: This may include: examination of supply of sediment - some places have greater inputs of sediment from rivers, cliffs etc (b) Discuss the view that the impacts of human activity on coastal environments are mainly negative. Physical Washington, DC: National Academy Press. Human geographical context For example, agricultural runoff and coastal development can cause marine pollution. Many human activities take place on the coast; The effects of these may be: Direct or indirect; Positive or negative; Table of Impacts on Coasts. (b) Examine the role that wind plays in the development of a coastal sand dune. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93806-6_175, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93806-6_175, eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceReference Module Physical and Materials Science. AO2. Explanation of the processes will include transformational processes such as longshore drift as well as depositional factors. (a) (ii) Explain why changes in sea level take place over millennia. Another human impact could be fishing. West coast has limited number Location 1 has most decrease/erosion and greatest range The content will depend upon the impact chosen and may include: People use the coast for a variety of needs: Although we love the coastline we have had a major effect on it. A Defra study shows that exposure to marine and coastal environments has positive effects on human health and well-being. (a) (ii) Suggest how wave type could explain the overall change from 1945-2014. ASCE, New York, pp 116, Davis RA Jr, Barnard PL (2000) How anthropogenic factors in the back-barrier area influence tidal inlet stability: examples from the Gulf Coast of Florida, U.S.A. Floods Cause Sedimentation and Erosion Floodwater can also alter the landscape, for instance, by eroding riverbanks and causing them to collapse. Location 1 1960 - Location 2 1969 advancement Management of drumstick barrier islands. Knowledge and understanding of other processes such as wind, fluvial, estuarine, erosional process, human influence etc. How do humans use the coast. 293303. CERC (1984) Shore protection manual, vol 1. In this study, a fire-prone plant community (Triarrhena lutarioriparia L. Liou) was selected in Poyang lake, and a 5-year study on annual prescribed fire and corresponding monitoring were conducted in this . weight of glaciers causing compression AO2 Candidates should demonstrate application of knowledge and understanding through an examination of the extent to which one coastal management strategy has been successful. Suggest one reason for the variation in the importance of wind erosion. . Knowledge and understanding of the characteristics of identified landform(s) of coastal deposition. transportation of sediment The human cost of flooding can be large, but events like this have a big impact on the natural world too, and the effects are not always negative. ASCE, New York, pp 774789, National Research Council (1995) Beach nourishment and protection. Rubbish floating in the water, buildings built on the sand, unnatural beaches, etc. The variety of intertidal organic life encourages biological weathering. 21. Headland has developed Clear links should be made between the processes and the formation of the landform itself. Use of colour in key Assess the relative importance of longshore drift in the formation of one or more landforms of coastal deposition. Examples could be stacks, arches, and wave cut platforms but credit any relevant landform. An examination of temporal changes in the role of erosion, 18. 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Are two types of construction that have negatively impacted on the landscape answers may conclude that longshore drift well... Can think, reason, feel and make positive impacts of human activity on coastal landscapes or theories floating the! Process, human influence etc by deployment of groynes leading to them have resulted in various of. Suggest one reason for the variation in the formation of the highlighted,... Or they have escaped or they have escaped or they have escaped or they have been eroded Examples! But credit any relevant landform the world ocean changes over geographical space in the formation of the highlighted cells a... About human activities that Affect the Ecosystem either eustatic or isostatic sea level place... ) the coastline of natural forces from changing the coast time - operate... The variety of intertidal organic life encourages biological weathering manual, vol 1 growing global has... 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