Use evidence-based predictions to explain how a population changes over time due to human impacts. This video presents an intriguing phenomenon: two patients who carry the same genetic variation, which is known to cause sickle cell disease, have very different outcomes. Biology 101 Spring 2020 Selection for Tuskless Elephants modified from HHMI BioInteractive PART I: Introduction and Pre-Video Activity A survey of African savanna elephants revealed that populations declined by 30% between 2007 and 2014. The sex ratio of the offspring of tuskless mothers also indicated that the genetics responsible may be lethal for males. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so one might expect strong natural selection for having tusks. Articles that connect current events to BioInteractive resources. Follow Nuwer on Twitter @RachelNuwerCredit: Nick Higgins. But he found himself sucked into the mystery of tuskless elephants when he watched a YouTube video about the phenomenon. Women who are affected by the syndrome survive, but they typically have altered tooth morphology. Resume watching the video until a. The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants This video follows scientists working in Gorongosa National Park as they try to determine the genes responsible for tusk development in elephants. %PDF-1.6 % This video follows the work of researchers conducting the first census. %PDF-1.5 % IB Environmental Systems and Societies (2017). PART 2: Video Activity . biointeractive 232K subscribers Subscribe 142K views 6 years ago How many African elephants are left and where are they? Tuskless mothers, on the other hand, had about an equal proportion of daughters with or without tusks (or, in some cases, with a single tusk). To learn more about the problems facing African elephants and their recovery in Gorongosa National Park, watch these two BioInteractive Scientists at Work videos: the first minute of The Great Elephant Census and all of Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Watch the . 3. a. This interactive module explores the phases, checkpoints, and protein regulators of the cell cycle. Like other places that had undergone intense poaching, Gorongosas female elephants exhibited an abnormally high proportion of tusklessness. This interactive module explores the biology of sex determination and development in humans, set against the backdrop of the different sex testing policies implemented throughout sports history. Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosomea genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. The rapid rise in frequency of a severe disease allele that kills males is surprising and speaks to the overwhelming intensity of poaching during civil unrest, he says. 293 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<9453723FF87E8A44A337DAA0866B88AA><438003D2AD6765408BCD5AC475C7220B>]/Index[254 63]/Info 253 0 R/Length 160/Prev 292343/Root 255 0 R/Size 317/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Its something I had puzzled over for so long, says Poole, co-founder and scientific director of ElephantVoices, a nonprofit science and conservation organization. Answers Biointeractive Hhmi - Effebi.biella.it. In this video, biologist Shane Campbell-Staton walks through the steps of collecting DNA samples from elephants in Gorongosa National Park and how he plans to analyze their DNA sequences.For more information and related materials, visit HHMI BioInteractive:https://www.biointeractive.org/classroom-resources/genetics-tusklessness-elephants Among the younger females, who were born after this period of heavy poaching, 33% are tuskless.For more short films and resources on elephants, visit http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/elephants Explain how the selective pressures on a population may impact the frequencies of phenotypes. This interactive video explores how scientists identify which bat populations are infected with Nipah virus and could transmit the virus to humans. Instead of having sons and daughters at an equal proportion, tuskless mothers gave birth to daughters roughly two thirds of the time. endstream endobj startxref Look up the definition of the term poaching and summarize your understanding of what it means in the space below. Tusklessness, according to a new paper in Science, can be attributed in large part to a dominant mutation on the X chromosome a genetic change that also explains the sex skew Poole saw. In this video, Poole explains a possible reason. Not all downloadable documents for the resource may be available in this format. It engages students in analyzing data to make evidence-based claims about the occurrence of tusklessness in elephant populations. This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. A new professional development academy focused on growing the HHMI BioInteractive Ambassador community and building professional learning leadership capacity in science education. Analyzing Data on Tuskless Elephants Pre-Video Activity 1. Working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, Dr. Joyce Poole and colleagues make a striking observation: many female elephants lack tusks. endstream endobj startxref Thanks for reading Scientific American. !: H3d -:Cg Zf d1 Researchers created the model in Figure 1 using data from cell fractionation studies. %%EOF Elephant tusks are important for obtaining food and water, and essential to male elephants for competing for mates, so there is a strong natural selection for having tusks. If you're interested in using facilitated discussions to promote scientific literacy and empower students to make evidence-based decisions, this article from professor Holly Basta details how she restructured her course to promote student questioning and talk. Explain how characteristics associated with biological sex may affect athletic performance. Elephants were not an obvious choice for Campbell-Staton, who has mostly focused on lizards until now. 292 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<035587B7358627438EA91049877A1170>]/Index[255 64]/Info 254 0 R/Length 155/Prev 375654/Root 256 0 R/Size 319/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream The following statement reflects our current and specific actions. %%EOF The Genetics of Tusklessness in Elephants | HHMI BioInteractive Video biointeractive 2 years ago The Day the Mesozoic Died: The Asteroid That Killed the Dinosaurs HHMI BioInteractive. 415 0 obj <> endobj BioInteractive is committed to providing equitable learning opportunities to educators and students. Their current rate of decline is 8% per year, primarily due to illegal killing called poaching. Elephant Evolution and Adaptation. chromosome, differences in sex development (DSD), estrogen, Olympics, ovary, primary/secondary sex characteristic, sex determining region Y (SRY), testes, testosterone, X inactivation. This activity guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study that measured species population declines on a global scale. This video follows ecologist Caitlin O'Connell-Rodwell, who is studying how elephants can communicate over long distances using low-frequency sounds that travel both in the air and through the ground. As the researchers noted in their study, the generation born after the war had a 33 percent frequency of tusklessness, compared with a 51 percent frequency for the generation that survived the war. This video case study explores whether elephants can detect, interpret, and respond to signals delivered by underground vibrations. Supply companies at data tuskless elephant analyzing data tuskless elephants answer key in his wife to analyze data and. Provide evidence-based reasoning that uses available data to support a scientific claim. Online and in-person professional learning workshops led by educators. The resource is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International license. Real science, real stories, and real data to engage students in exploring the living world. %%EOF ea`|wC"bSfoxjtZ&T2(i+q,|:m!J@ dP6H EEH6~SlL.3a5, But in males with no other X chromosome to fall back on, that mutation appears to cause death in the womb. The Resource Google Folder link directs to a Google Drive folder of resource documents in the Google Docs format. Discover tools to help plan lessons and opportunities to support professional learning. Using Pooles database, they further confirmed that, with a single exception, female elephants with two tusks had never been observed to have a tuskless baby. Poole, who is a co-author on the new paper, combed through old natural history films and amateur videos to estimate the prevalence of tusklessness prior to the war. Continue reading with a Scientific American subscription. This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the observation that many female elephants lack tusks. This film explores four decades of research on the evolution of Galpagos finches, which has illuminated how species form and diversify. One of the genes, AMELX, is known from decades of basic research in mice and humans to play a role in mammalian tooth development. This Click & Learn shows that keystone species exist across a variety of ecosystems and can exert their influence in different ways. II. Researchers have pinpointed how years of civil war and poaching in Mozambique have led to more elephants that will never develop tusks. The human immune system is made up of many cells, organs, and tissues. hhmi biointeractive tuskless elephants answer key About; Location; Menu; FAQ; Contacts HS-LS4-2, HS-LS4-3, HS-LS4-4, HS-LS4-5; SEP1, SEP5, SEP6, EVO-1.E, EVO-1.G, SYI-2.B, SYI-3.D; SP3, SP4, SP5, SP6, Topic(s): 2.1, 2.6, 9.10 Developing an Explanation for Tuskless Elephant www.BioInteractive.org Updated December 2021 Page 3 of 6 Activity Educator Materials ANSWER KEY PART 1: Information Gathering 1. To prevent his AP Environmental Science students from having "problem fatigue," Florida educator Scott Sowell focuses on how environmental solutions are developed, justified, implemented, and evaluated. HHMI is investing in increasing racial, ethnic, and gender diversity in academic science to create environments in which everyone can thrive. In this activity, students work with authentic research data to explore the impact of poaching on African elephants. The Google Drive folder is set as View Only; to save a copy of a document in this folder to your Google Drive, open that document, then select File Make a copy. These documents can be copied, modified, and distributed online following the Terms of Use listed in the Details section below, including crediting BioInteractive. Gathering the data to enable this key final step proved trickier than he expected, however. video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. 2023 Scientific American, a Division of Springer Nature America, Inc. Scientists can use a variety of methods to survey an animal's range and population. This data-driven activity accompanies the video Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Please see the Terms of Use for information on how this resource can be used. Explore the methods scientists use to survey elephants. Posted on 11/01/2021 by 11/01/2021 by Natural Selection Published October 2018 www.BioInteractive.org Page 3 of 6 Activity Student Handout Video Activity 7. BioInteractive is offering free workshops for high school and undergraduate life and environmental science educators. In this study, scientists used DNA profiling to determine where ivory seized from poachers had originated. Tusks offer an advantage to those who have them and are naturally selected for, Poole says. Selection for Tuskless Elephants. Hear how experienced science educators are using BioInteractive resources with their students. Most of the elephants killed naturally did have tusks. Most African elephants have tusks, but someabout 2 to 6% of females and even fewer malesnever grow them. Description This video follows Joyce Poole and other scientists working in Gorongosa National Park, Mozambique, who made the striking observation that many female elephants lack tusks. Describe how biological sex and gender differ from each other. In this video Dr. Joyce Poole explains a possible reason. Scientific Explanation of Evolution by Natural Selection. Discover world-changing science. Nature, in this case at least, seems to be correcting itself. The same high-quality resources are now available with new features, including a logged-in experience. The more killing there was, the more tuskless females you got. Howard Hughes Medical Institute Statistical Data Explorer. 482 0 obj <>stream Meat Only: 19 b. Tusks Only: 75 c. Meat and Tusks: 27 4. In females, mutations in a key gene on one of their X chromosomes seems to be responsible for tusklessness. elephants were illegally killed was probably so that people could take their tusks (for ivory). Perri Carr describes how she uses BioInteractives elephant resources to teach concepts ranging from biotechnology to genetics to ecology and conservation. This web tool provides a quick and easy way of visualizing and analyzing data without advanced technological requirements. Scientists are trying to determine the genes involved in tusk development and how variations in these genes can lead to tusklessness. Analyzing Data On Tuskless Elephants - HHMI BioInteractive Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence. Create your free account or Sign in to continue. Lessons. Fortunately, another research team was carrying out a collaring project to track matriarch elephants. As you watch the videos, complete the questions from the "Task 1" handout. endstream endobj startxref The story of African elephants is a powerful case study of how science can inform conservation. There was a huge skew in the sex ratio, with very few adult males. Coherent lesson sequences driven by students asking questions about phenomena. If we keep the pressure off these elephants, the rate of tusklessness declines with each generation., Rachel Nuwer is a freelance science journalist and author who regularly contributes to Scientific American, the New York Times and National Geographic, among other publications. To determine the traits prevalence after the conflict ended, she used a database of individual elephants that she and her husband and research partner Petter Granlialso a co-author of the new studyhad already built to study elephant behavior and communication. Hhmi Biointeractive Answer Key. video until time 1:46 and answer the following questions. Students use scientific evidence and reasoning to construct an explanation of and develop an argument for tusklessness in elephant populations. In Gorongosa National Park, Poole found that among the older female elephants that survived a period of heavy poaching in the park, over 50% are tuskless. Poaching brings evolutionary pressure for tusklessness. This interactive module explores how different animals elephants, birds, and bats have evolved distinct ways of using sound to communicate. 254 0 obj <> endobj It seemed simple enoughexcept we drove all day, every day for a week and didnt see a single elephant.. View details . Analyze quantitative data in order to make predictions based on evidence. keyboard_arrow_up Show footer This activity guides the analysis of a published scientific figure from a study involving illegal elephant poaching. hbbd```b``"WH&. lz`f1,f u d Vi 2D7e@l( XDrG;".|`10H-v9Pl=0 u v0E H+1Q` d Tuskless females, they found, had survived at a rate that was about five times higher than that of their tusked counterparts during the conflict. This interactive module explores how different animals elephants, birds, and bats have evolved distinct ways of using sound to communicate. Elephants with large tusks are targeted by poachers, who sell the tusks on the ivory market. 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